There are a variety of ways to use AJAX when integrating it into Web applications. On one end of the spectrum, you can use it to enhance a current site, making small noninvasive changes to an already completed application. On the other end of the spectrum, you have applications that are heavily driven by JavaScript and won't work at all if the user's browser doesn't support AJAX.
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The quick tour (Chapter 1) described briefly how a class can be extended, or subclassed, and how an object of an extended class can be used wherever the original class is required. The term for this capability is polymorphism, meaning that an object of a given class can have multiple forms, either as its own class or as any class it extends. The new class is a subclass or extended class of the class it extends; the class that is extended is its superclass.
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The Internet has changed a lot since its initial creation. It started with simple text-based communication and has built on its past to create ever more powerful means of communicating. In today's World Wide Web, you can create interactive multimedia presentations and powerful applications. Although these applications are powerful, they aren't without their drawbacks.
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WHAT DOES THE BROWSER DO ONCE IT RECEIVES A RESPONSE FROM THE SERVER? SEVERAL OPTIONS ARE covered in this chapter. XML Data Island explains how you can store an XML document within the web page's DOM instead of converting it into a custom data structure. It also touches on some browser-specific features that let you tie the document's value to the display. XML responses are also the primary concern of Browser-Side XSLT, explaining how an XML document can be converted to XHTML for inclusion on the page, or modified for uploading back to the server. Browser-Side Templating is not XML-specific; it brings to JavaScript the embedded scripting template concept popular in many server environments, such as JSPs and PHP scripts.
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The JDBC API is a Java API that can access any kind of tabular data, especially data stored in a Relational Database.
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We've looked at the basic technologies for web remoting, which leads to questions about browser-server information flow. How will you deal with multiple calls? How will you keep the browser and the server synchronized? How will you access external domains? Call Tracking is about tracking calls and dealing with the asynchronous nature of Ajax. The next three patterns concern synchronization. With Periodic Refresh, the browser keeps requesting fresh information from the server. The opposite is Submission Throttling, where the browser keeps uploading new information to the server. An alternative to Submission Throttling, Explicit Submission involves uploading only when the user performs some action. All of those patterns help manage bandwidth, but keeping things in sync can still be quite complex when there are lots of entities in the server and a rich interface in the browser. Distributed Events help manage the complexity. Finally, Cross-Domain Proxy is a technique for mediating the dialogue between the browser and external servers.
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